Umthengi we-CNC machining parts ofumana inkxaso ye-tower crane ephantsi kufuneka acele iphakheji yobungqina edibanisa umzobo ovunyiweyo kunye necandelo elichanekileyo elithunyelwayo. Ubuncinci, loo phakheji kufuneka ichonge ukuhlaziywa komzobo, ukulandelwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye necandelo, ukuphambuka okuvunyiweyo, i-welding kunye neerekhodi zokuhlola ezifunwa yikhontrakthi, iziphumo ze-dimensional ze-interfaces ezisebenzayo, umgangatho wesixhobo sokulinganisa, imbali yokulungisa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona, ukuhlolwa kokukhusela ubuso, kunye nokugunyaziswa kokukhululwa kokugqibela. Isatifikethi okanye ingxelo ephawulwe kuphela ngokuthi “PASS” akwanelanga xa ingabonisi ukuba bekutshekishwa ntoni na, ngeyiphi imfuneko, kweyiphi idatha, ngeyiphi indlela, kwaye yeyiphi inxalenye elandelelweyo okanye elawulwa ngamaqashiso.
Kutheni isitaki soxwebhu singelokhonkco lobungqina ngokuzenzekelayo
Iinkxaso ezinkulu ezenziweyo zidlula ekulungiseleleni izinto, ukwenza, ukulinganisa, ukuwelda, ukukhangela okuphakathi okunokwenzeka, umatshini, ukuhlolwa komda, ukugqiba, kunye nokupakisha. Inqanaba ngalinye linokuvelisa iirekhodi, kodwa ezo rekhodi ziluncedo kuphela xa zibhekisela kwinkcazo yemveliso elawulwayo efanayo. Isatifikethi semathiriyeli esingenamkhondo kwipleyiti esikiweyo, ingxelo yobukhulu obungenamzobo wokuhlaziya, okanye iphepha le-NDT elingenandawo ye-weld lishiya isithuba.
Injongo yomthengi ayikokwandisa amaphepha. Kukuseka ikhonkco elilandelekayo elibonisa ukuba icandelo elizisiweyo lenziwe kwaye lamkelwa ngokuchasene neemfuno ekuvunyelwene ngazo. Olo khonkco kufuneka luchazwe phambi kokuveliswa, kuba ubungqina obulahlekileyo kunzima ukuphinda bubunjwe emva kokutyabeka kunye nokuthunyelwa.
Isicwangciso somgangatho oluncedo sinikezela imfuno nganye kwirekhodi, inqanaba elinoxanduva, kunye nenqanaba lokwamkelwa. Ikwachonga ukubamba okanye iindawo zokungqina apho umthengi, umboneleli, okanye umhloli weqela lesithathu kufuneka enze phambi kokuba kuqhutywe umsebenzi.
Qala ngesazisi semveliso kunye nolawulo lokuzoba
Ubungqina bokuhlola bunexabiso elincinane ngaphandle kokuba bubotshelelwe kwisiseko esichanekileyo sobugcisa. Iphakheji yokukhulula kufuneka ichonge umyalelo wokuthenga okanye iprojekthi, inombolo yenxalenye, inombolo yomzobo, uhlaziyo lomzobo, ubuninzi, kunye neyunithi okanye iqashiso elikhuselweyo. Xa imodeli ye-3D, imephu ye-weld, umzobo wokuhlola, okanye inkcazo eyongezelelweyo ilawula inxalenye yomsebenzi, ukuhlaziywa kwayo kufuneka kucace.
Ukutenxa okuvunyiweyo kufuna ukubonakala okwahlukileyo. Umniki-nkonzo unokuchonga into engahambelaniyo, afumane imvume yobunjineli, kwaye anike inxalenye eyamkelekileyo ngokobugcisa. Oko kwahlukile ekutshintsheni ngokuthe cwaka inqaku okanye ukurekhoda imfuneko yegama emva kwenyani. Abathengi kufuneka bafune ukutenxa okanye ireferensi yemvumelwano, uphawu oluchaphazelekayo, isimo, isimo sokwamkelwa, kunye nekhonkco kwiyunithi efanelekileyo okanye indawo.
Phambi kwemvume yokuthumela, jonga ukuba:
- i-header yengxelo ihambelana nomyalelo wokuthenga, inombolo yenxalenye, kunye nokuhlaziywa komzobo;
- isixa esihloliwe sihambelana nesampulu ekuvunyelwene ngayo okanye i-100-pesenti yeemfuno;
- inxalenye, uthotho, ubushushu, ibhetshi, okanye ezinye iziphawuli ekuvunyelwene ngazo ziqhagamshela iirekhodi kwimveliso;
- ukutenxa okuvulelekileyo okanye ukungangqinelani kuyabonakala kunokuba kufihlwe kwimisonto ye-imeyile;
- imizobo ethathelwe indawo kunye neetemplates zokuhlola azibandakanywanga kwiphakheji yokukhupha.
Cela ukulandeleka kwezinto ezisindayo kwimveliso
Ubungqina bezinto eziphathekayo ngokuqhelekileyo buqala ngesatifikethi esisebenzayo okanye irekhodi lomthengisi elifunwa yinkcazo yokuthenga. Umbuzo obalulekileyo kukuba isazisi sigqithiselwa njani emva kokuba ipleyiti okanye izinto zecandelo zisikwe zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Inombolo yesatifikethi iyodwa ayibonisi ukuba isatifikethi sesecandelo eliphantsi kovavanyo.
Inkqubo yomthengisi kufuneka igcine isazisi esivunyelweneyo ngokusikwa, ukulinganisa, ukuwelda, umatshini kunye nokuhlolwa kokugqibela. Inqanaba elichanekileyo lokulandelwa lixhomekeke kwikhontrakthi kunye nomngcipheko; abathengi akufanele bacinge ukuba isakhiwo ngasinye sorhwebo sidinga ulawulo olufanayo lwamaxwebhu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka bachaze ibakala lemathiriyeli efunekayo, uhlobo lwesatifikethi apho kufanelekileyo, indlela yokuchonga, kunye nolindelo lokugcina irekhodi phambi kokuba iodolo ikhululwe.
Ukuba ukutshintshwa kunokwenzeka, indlela yokwamkelwa kufuneka icace. Isixhobo somgangatho owahlukileyo, ubukhulu, okanye imeko yokuhanjiswa akufuneki ithathwe njengelinganayo kuba inokudityaniswa okanye yenziwe ngoomatshini. Naluphi na ukutshintshwa kufuneka lulandele inkqubo yokutenxa evunyiweyo yomthengi.
Ukwahlula ubungqina bomgangatho we-welding kubungqina obuyi-dimensional
Ukuhlolwa kwe-welding kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-dimensional kuphendula imibuzo eyahlukeneyo. Iirekhodi ze-Weld zijongana nokuba ngaba ii-joints zaveliswa kwaye zavavanywa ngokuchasene neemfuno ze-welding ekuvunyelwene ngazo. Iirekhodi ezinobungakanani zijongana nokuba ingaba isakhiwo esigqityiweyo kunye nojongano lwaso lomatshini luyadibana nomzobo. Isiphumo esihle kwindawo enye ayibuyiseli ukusilela kwenye.
Apho kufunwa khona isivumelwano, iphakheji yobungqina be-welding inokubandakanya iireferensi zenkqubo evunyiweyo, i-welder okanye i-operator qualification references, i-consumable okanye i-material controls, i-fit-up okanye i-pre-weld checks, iimephu ze-weld, iirekhodi zokuhlola okubonakalayo, iingxelo zokuvavanya ezingabonakaliyo, kunye neerekhodi zokulungisa. Abathengi kufuneka bacele kuphela iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo kwinkcazo elawulayo kunye nesicwangciso somgangatho; ukukopa zonke isatifikethi kwinkqubo yomthengisi kunokufihla iimpawu ezibalulekileyo.
Uhlolo olubonakalayo lujonga iimeko zomphezulu obonakalayo kunye nokusebenza, kodwa aluthathi ndawo ngokuzenzekelayo ezinye iindlela ze-NDT. Indlela efanelekileyo, ubungakanani, ixesha, kunye neendlela zokwamkelwa zixhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo, ijometri edibeneyo, ubukhulu, inkqubo ye-welding, iimfuno zenkonzo kunye nekhontrakthi. Umyalelo wengubo onje "yenza i-NDT epheleleyo" ayiphelelanga ngaphandle kokuba indlela, i-inshorensi, iindawo ze-weld, isiseko sokwamkelwa, kunye neengxelo ezilindelweyo zichazwe.
Yintoni ekufuneka ingxelo ye-NDT ivumele umthengi ukuba aqinisekise?
Ingxelo ye-NDT kufuneka ichonge icandelo kunye ne-weld okanye indawo yoviwo, indlela kunye nenkqubo, umhla, ubungakanani boviwo, izixhobo okanye izinto ezisetyenziswayo apho kuyimfuneko, ukuchongwa kwabasebenzi kunye nereferensi yesiqinisekiso, imilinganiselo yokwamkelwa esebenzayo, iziphumo, ukuchithwa, kunye nayo nayiphi na indawo elungisiweyo efuna ukuvavanywa kwakhona. Imizobo yendawo, iimephu ze-weld, okanye iifoto eziphawulweyo zinokunceda ukudibanisa imiqondiso kunye nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo esisiso.
Amagama afana nelithi “yamkelekile” okanye “akukho siphene” afuna umxholo. Imigangatho ye-welding ngokuqhelekileyo iyahlula ukungafezeki ngohlobo kunye nenqanaba lomgangatho, ngelixa ukufaneleka kwenkonzo ekujoliswe kuyo kuhlala kuyisigqibo sobunjineli. Abathengi kufuneka bakuphephe ukuguqula umgangatho womgangatho wegeneric ube yisiqinisekiso soyilo jikelele. Ikhontrakthi okanye umzobo kufuneka uchaze isiseko esifanelekileyo sokwamkelwa kwecandelo.
Ukuba umthengisi ulungisa i-weld, ikhonkco lobungqina kufuneka libonise oko kufunyenweyo kuqala, ukuchithwa okuvunyiweyo, indlela yokulungisa apho kuyimfuneko, ukulungiswa kwendawo, uvavanyo lwasemva kokulungiswa, umphumo, kunye nokuvalwa. Ingxelo yokugqibela ecocekileyo ngaphandle kwembali yokulungisa inokuthintela umthengi ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukungahambi kakuhle kwakulawulwa.
Kwiiprojekthi ngaphakathi kwe ukuphakamisa nokuphatha uluhlu lwecandelo lolwakhiwo, ingqiqo efanayo yokulandela umkhondo kufuneka ithwale ukusuka kuphawu lwemathiriyeli elawulwayo ngepakethe yokukhulula yokugqibela. Ubunzulu obuchanekileyo bunokwahluka, kodwa ikhonkco ngokwalo kufuneka lihlale linjalo.
Funa iziphumo ezinobukhulu kwisakhelo sereferensi yendibano
Inkxaso ephantsi ye-crane yi-interface yendibano, ngoko ke ubudlelwane besici buhlala bubaluleke kakhulu kunemilinganiselo ezimeleyo. Ibhore inokuhlangabezana nemfuneko yobukhulu bayo ngelixa i-axis yayo ingahambelani kakuhle nobuso obunyukayo. Ulungelelwaniso lwemingxuma emininzi lunokubonakala lwamkelekile xa lulinganiswa kumda wevenkile olufanelekileyo kodwa lusilele njengepateni xa icandelo limiselwa kuluhlu lwedatha.
Isicwangciso sobukhulu kufuneka ke ngoko sivelise kwakhona inkqubo yedatha ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Kuba a tower crane inkxaso weldment esezantsi, umthengi kufuneka achonge ujongano oluchazwe ngumzobo olulawula ukudibanisa kwaye abuze ukuba umthengisi uya kuyifumana njani, ayimise, kwaye ayinyanzele inxalenye ukuba ihlolwe. Iimpawu ezichanekileyo kunye nokunyamezela kufuneka kuvele kumzobo olawulwayo; akufunekanga ziqanjwe ngokusuka kwinkcazo yemveliso ngokubanzi.
Ingxelo enemilinganiselo iluncedo ngakumbi xa ibonisa amaxabiso omlinganiselo wokwenyani kunokudlula/kusilela kuphela iwonga. Kufuneka ichonge uphawu, imfuneko yegama kunye nonyamezelo, eyona siphumo, idatha okanye ukuseta, isixhobo okanye indlela yokulinganisa, umhla, umhloli, kunye neyunithi okanye iqashiso. Kwijometri entsonkothileyo, umzobo wokuhlola obhalwe ngokucacileyo okanye umzobo oyibhaloni unceda umthengi atshatise imigca yengxelo kwiimfuno zokuzoba.
| Iqela lobungqina | Ubuncinci betshekhi yomthengi | Umsantsa oqhelekileyo |
| Ulawulo lomzobo | Inxalenye, uhlaziyo, ubungakanani, ukunxaxha, kunye nomda wokuhlola uhambelana nomyalelo. | Ingxelo isebenzisa uhlaziyo oludala okanye itemplate engabhalwanga. |
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Iirekhodi ezifunekayo zidibanisa izinto zomthombo kunye necandelo eligqityiweyo okanye iqashiso. | Isatifikethi sikhona, kodwa isazisi salahleka emva kokusikwa. |
| Ukuwelda kunye ne-NDT | Iindawo, iindlela, ubungakanani, indlela, iziphumo, kunye nokulungiswa kuyalandeleka. | Isiqinisekiso segeneric asichongi iiwelds ezivavanyiweyo. |
| Imilinganiselo | Iziphumo ezizizo zixelwe kwisakhelo soluhlu ekuvunyelwene ngalo. | Kuphela kubonisiwe “PASS”, kungekho seto okanye ixabiso elilinganisiweyo. |
| Isixhobo sokulinganisa | Ukuchongwa kwesixhobo kunye nokulinganisa okanye ubume bokuqinisekisa buyafumaneka. | Izixhobo zidweliswe kuphela njenge "CMM" okanye "igeyiji." |
| Khulula kwaye upakishe | Imiba evuliweyo ivaliwe, iindawo ezikhuselweyo ziyajongwa, kunye nesazisi esihambelanayo. | Ukuvunywa komgangatho kwahlukile kwiyunithi epakishweyo ekhululwayo. |
Jonga indlela yokulinganisa, hayi nje igama lesixhobo
Ubunakho besixhobo kufuneka bulungele uphawu, ukunyamezela, isikali kunye nokusingqongileyo. Umatshini wokulinganisa olungelelanisiweyo, ingalo ephathwayo, i-laser tracker, igeji yebhore, igeyiji yobude, okanye isiko ngalinye linokufaneleka phakathi kosetyenziso olucetywayo. Ibhrendi okanye itekhnoloji iyodwa ayenzi ukuba iziphumo zisebenze.
Kuphawu ngalunye olubalulekileyo, umthengi kufuneka aqonde indlela inxalenye exhaswa ngayo, indlela iidatum ezisekwe ngayo, mangaphi amanqaku okanye amacandelo alinganiswayo apho kufanelekileyo, nokuba ubushushu, ukungcangcazela, imeko yomphezulu, okanye ukufikelela kunokusichaphazela ngokubonakalayo isiphumo. Izixhobo zokulinganisa kufuneka zichongwe, kwaye ulungelelwaniso lwaso okanye ubume baso bokuqinisekisa kufuneka buhlangabezane nesicwangciso somgangatho ekuvunyelwene ngawo.
Imeko yokubamba nayo ibalulekile. I-weldment eguquguqukayo inokubonakala yamkelekile ngelixa inyanzeliswa ngokuchasene ne-fixture kwaye ihambe emva kokukhululwa. Apho lo mngcipheko ufanelekile, isicwangciso sokuhlola sinokudinga iitshekhi ngaphambi nasemva kokukhulula. Indlela efunekayo kufuneka kuvunyelwane ngayo ukusuka kumzobo kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa kunokuba ubekwe njengomthetho wehlabathi.
Sebenzisa ubungqina benqaku lokuqala ukuvuma indlela yokuvelisa
Uhlolo lwenqaku lokuqala kufuneka lwenze okungakumbi kunobungqina bokuba inxalenye enye inokwenziwa. Kufuneka iqinisekise ulwakhiwo lwerekhodi oluya kuxhasa iiodolo eziphindayo. Abathengi banokusebenzisa inqaku lokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhaluni yokudweba, ukuseta idatha, indlela yokuhlola, ingxelo yexabiso langempela, i-weld kunye ne-NDT traceability, ukuphatha ukutenxa, kunye nefomathi yephakheji yokugqibela yokukhululwa.
Sakuba sivunyiwe, isicwangciso sokuhlola kufuneka sichaze ukuba yintoni ehlolwayo kwindawo nganye, yintoni enokwenziwa iisampulu ngeqashiso, yintoni efuna indawo yokubamba, kunye nokuba yintoni ebangela uhlolo olongezelelweyo. Ezi zigqibo zixhomekeke kumzobo, ukucaciswa okusebenzayo, ukukhula kwemveliso, ukuzinza kwenkqubo, kunye nomngcipheko womthengi. Akufunekanga zithatyathelwe indawo ngengxelo engenasizathu yokuba zonke iimpawu zihlala zifumana umgangatho ofanayo wokuhlolwa.
Kwiibhetshi eziphindayo, thelekisa iirekhodi zangoku kunye nesiseko esivunyiweyo senqaku lokuqala. Utshintsho kumthombo wezinto eziphathekayo, inkqubo ye-welding, ukulungiswa, indlela yokwenza, indlela yokulinganisa, okanye i-subcontractor inokufuna ukuhlaziywa xa isivumelwano okanye isicwangciso somgangatho sibaphatha njengotshintsho olulawulwayo.
Chaza iphakheji yokukhulula ukuthunyelwa kwi-RFQ
Elona xesha licacileyo lokuvuma ubungqina kuphambi kwamaxabiso kunye nemveliso. I-RFQ yomthengi kufuneka ichaze umzobo wangoku kunye nohlaziyo lwenkcazo, iyunithi okanye ukulandelelwa kweqashiso, izatifikethi ezifunekayo, amaxwebhu e-weld, indlela ye-NDT kunye nobungakanani apho kufanelekileyo, ifomathi yengxelo ene-dimensional, iimfuno zokwenyani zexabiso, ulwazi lwesixhobo sokulinganisa, inqaku lokuqala elilindelweyo, iindawo zokubamba, inkqubo yokutenxa, iitshekhi zokukhusela umphezulu, ukuchongwa kokupakishwa, kunye neemfuno zamaxwebhu.
Cela umthengisi ukuba abuyisele isicwangciso sohlolo kunye novavanyo okanye ubungqina bematrix ebonisa ukuba yeyiphi irekhodi evala imfuno nganye. Oku kwenza ukuba iikowuteshini zithelekiseke ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba ababoneleli babeka amaxabiso ngokomda wokuhlola ofanayo. Ikwaveza neengqikelelo kwangethuba-umzekelo, ingaba i-NDT ibandakanyiwe, ingaba umlinganiselo ophathwayo uyafuneka, okanye umthengi ulindele ingxelo epheleleyo yenqaku lokuqala.
Abathengi banokungenisa imizobo kunye neemfuno zamaxwebhu nge-WLD's uphando lweprojekthi yenkxaso ye-crane. Bandakanya inxalenye kunye nokuhlaziywa komzobo, ubuninzi bomyalelo, isicwangciso sokuhlola esifunekayo, imilinganiselo yokwamkelwa esebenzayo, inqanaba lokulandeleka, ifomathi yengxelo, ukubamba amanqaku, kunye namaxwebhu aceliweyo okukhutshwa kokuthunyelwa. Umthengisi unokuphinda ajonge kwakhona umda wobungqina ecaleni kokwenziwa kunye nomatshini ngaphambi kokuba aqinisekise ikowuteshini.
Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa
Ngaba ingxelo enemilinganiselo ephawulwe “PASS” yanele?
Ayiyiyo yonke iprojekthi. Ujongano olubalulekileyo lwendibano, abathengi kufuneka bacele elona xabiso, imfuno yegama kunye nonyamezelo, uphawu lwesazisi, ukuseta idatha, indlela yokulinganisa, kunye nokuchongwa kwesixhobo. Ukupasa/ukungaphumeleli kukodwa kunokufihla ukuba isiphumo sisondele kangakanani na kumda kunye nokuba isakhelo sesalathiso somzobo senziwa kwakhona ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngaba ukuhlolwa kwe-weld ebonakalayo kuthatha indawo yovavanyo olungonakalisi?
Hayi. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunye nezinye iindlela ze-NDT zijongana neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezinokubonwa. Iindlela ezifunekayo kunye nobungakanani kufuneka bulandele umzobo, ikhontrakthi, inkcazo esebenzayo, imathiriyeli, uyilo oludibeneyo, kunye neemfuno zenkonzo. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo akufanele kuboniswe njengobungqina bemeko ye-weld yangaphakathi.
Ngaba yonke inkxaso ye-crane ye-tower crane ephantsi kufuneka ifumane uhlolo olufanayo?
Akunjalo. Isicwangciso sinokudibanisa inqaku lokuqala, iyunithi nganye, kunye neetshekhi ezisekelwe kwiqashiso ngokweemfuno ezilawulwayo kunye nomngcipheko wemveliso. Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo, iimviwo ezigunyaziswe ngokusemthethweni okanye ngokwekhontrakthi, kunye namanqaku okubamba umthengi asafuna ukhuseleko oluchaziweyo. Ukuthathwa kwesampulu kufuneka kuvunyelwene, kubhalwe phantsi, kwaye kudityaniswe neqashiso elichaziweyo.
Bubuphi ubungqina obufunekayo emva kokulungiswa kwe-weld?
Iphakheji kufuneka ichonge into efunyenweyo yokuqala, indawo ekuyo kuyo, indawo evunyiweyo yokuchithwa kwempahla, inyathelo lokulungisa okanye inkqubo apho kuyimfuneko, abasebenzi abanoxanduva, uviwo lwasemva kokulungiswa kwezakhiwo, iziphumo kunye nokuvalwa. Icandelo elilungisiweyo okanye iqashiso kufuneka lihlale lilandeleka kwezo rekhodi ngokukhululwa kokugqibela.
