Isethaphu efanele yemishini ye-CNC yokushisela izimayini yileyo ekwazi ukubamba ukuxhumana kwayo okusebenzayo ebuhlotsheni obufanele ngemva kokushisela, ukuphatha, ukwenza imishini, nokuhlola. Ngakho-ke abathengi kufanele bahlole ngaphezu kwesibalo se-eksisi noma usayizi womshini. Isinqumo kufanele sibhekelele imvilophu yokushisela nesisindo, umthamo wokuhamba nokulayisha umshini, isu ledatha, ukufinyelela kwendawo, ukufinyelela kwamathuluzi, inombolo yokusetha, ukulandelana komshini, kanye nendlela yokulinganisa esetshenziselwa ukwamukelwa kokugcina. Umshini ungase ubambe ingxenye ngokoqobo kodwa kube ukukhetha okungalungile uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela ubuso obubucayi ngaphandle kwezandiso ezingazinzile noma ukudluliselwa kwedatha okuphindaphindiwe.
Kungani usayizi womshini uwodwa ungaphenduli umbuzo wokukhetha
Izakhiwo ezinkulu zezimayini zivame ukuhlanganisa amapuleti ashiselwe, izimbambo, abakaki, amabhore, amaphedi, nobuso obukhuphukayo. Lezi zici azinamsebenzi wokubaluleka okufanayo. Umthengi angase akhathalele kakhulu ubudlelwano phakathi kobuso obukhuphukayo kanye nendawo ephakathi nendawo, indawo yephethini yembobo ehlobene nedatha yomhlangano, noma ukucaba kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esidlulisela umthwalo kwesinye isakhiwo. Ukusethwa komshini kufanele kuvikele lobu budlelwano, hhayi nje ukususa izinto ezibonakalayo kuzo zonke izindawo ezifinyelelekayo.
Lowo mehluko ushintsha indlela izingcaphuno okufanele ziqhathaniswe ngayo. Abahlinzeki ababili bobabili bangase bahlongoze imishini enohambo oluncane olwanele, kodwa umzila owodwa ungase udinge ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthathu kuyilapho omunye ubamba ukuxhumana okuyinhloko ekusetheni okukodwa okulawulwayo. Umzila wesibili awubi ngcono ngokuzenzakalela noma ushibhile; kungase kudinge umshini omkhulu, ukuhlola okuyinkimbinkimbi, noma ukuhlala komshini isikhathi eside. Umthengi udinga ukuqonda ilogiki yenqubo ephelele ngemuva kwekhotheshini.
Qala ngezixhumi ezibonakalayo ezilawula ukuhlangana
Inqubo yokukhetha umsindo iqala ngomdwebo okhishiwe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokukhwelana. Abathengi nabahlinzeki kufanele bahlonze ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezingaphezulu, izibhobo, amaphethini embobo, kanye nemigqa emaphakathi esungula ingxenye emshinini oqediwe. Lokhu kuba yisisekelo se-datum nengxoxo yemidlalo. Izici ezibonakala zivelele zingase zingabaluleki kangako kunephedi emshinini encane elawula indawo yabakaki besilinda noma i-bearing house.
Umdwebo kufanele uxhumane nenhloso yedizayini ngohlelo olungaguquki lokulinganisa nokubekezela. I-datum ayilona nje unqenqema olulula lapho opharetha ethatha khona izilinganiso. Imele uhlaka lwereferensi olusetshenziselwa ukuqondiswa nokuthola izici. Uma i-datum yomshini ehlongozwayo iyindawo engaqinile njengeshiselwe, ukuhluka kuleyo ndawo kungadluliselwa kukho konke ukusebenza kwakamuva.
Ngaphambi kokucela ikhotheshini yokugcina, umthengi kufanele asho:
- izindawo zokuhlangana ezithinta ukulingana, ukuqondanisa, ukunyakaza, ukuvala, noma ukudluliswa komthwalo;
- ukubuyekezwa komdwebo kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuchezuka okugunyaziwe;
- izici zedatha kanye nokuhlelwa abasungula ngakho uhlaka lwereferensi;
- izici okufanele zenziwe ngomshini ngokusetha okufanayo noma ziqinisekiswe njengeqembu elihlobene;
- izindawo ezingase zihlale zishiselwe, zisikwe ilangabi, noma zingaqediwe;
- iqembu elibhekele izibonelelo zemishini kanye nesinxephezelo sokuhlanekezelwa kwe-weld.
Lolu lwazi luvumela umphakeli ukuthi aphakamise umshini kanye nomzila ozungeza umsebenzi wengxenye esikhundleni sokukhetha okokusebenza kuzo zonke izilinganiso zodwa.
Qondanisa ukucushwa komshini nemvilophu yokusika yangempela
Ingxenye yemvilophu iyindawo yokuqala kuphela. Imvilophu yokusika esebenzisekayo kufanele ihlanganise izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izinsimbi, izibambi zamathuluzi, ukufinyelela kokuphotha, ukunyakaza okujikelezayo lapho kufanele khona, kanye nemvume yokuhlola noma yokukala. I-weldment ende ingangena ngaphakathi emshinini kodwa ivimbe i-spindle ukuthi ingafiki ku-pad yangaphakathi. Ithuluzi elide lingafinyelela iphedi kodwa lethule ukuqina kanye nezingozi zokuqeda phezulu. Ukuzungezisa ingxenye kungase kuxazulule ukufinyelela kodwa kudale inkinga entsha yokuphakamisa, ukusekela, kanye nokudlulisa idatha.
Abathengi kufanele bacele umphakeli ukuthi achazele umumo ohlongozwayo womsebenzi ngamunye obalulekile. Umdwebo olula wokusetha ungaveza okungaphezulu kohlu lwezicaciso zomshini. Kufanele ibonise lapho ingxenye isekelwa khona, ukuthi ivinjelwa kanjani, iziphi izici ezenziwa ngomshini kuqala, yini okufanele ibekwe kabusha, nokuthi uhlaka lwesithenjwa lutholwa kanjani ngemva komnyakazo ngamunye.
| Ukuhlukahluka kokukhetha | Umbuzo womphakeli | Kungani kubalulekile |
| Uhambo olusebenzisekayo nomthwalo wetafula | Ingabe umthamo ocashuniwe uhlanganisa insimbi, izisekelo, nokususwa okuphephile? | Umthamo omncane womshini ungase ungalingani newindi lenqubo elisebenzisekayo. |
| Ukuma kwe-spindle nokufinyelela | Ingabe ithuluzi lingafinyelela kubo bonke ubuso obubucayi futhi libhoboze ngaphandle kokunwetshwa ngokweqile? | Ukufinyelela kuthinta ukuqina, ukunemba, isikhathi somjikelezo, nesimo sendawo. |
| Inombolo yokusetha | Yibuphi ubudlelwano be-datum obulondolozwayo ngemva kokumiswa kabusha? | Konke ukudlulisa kudala elinye ithuba lephutha lendawo. |
| Uhlelo lokulungisa nokusekela | Ikuphi indawo yokushisela esekelwe, iboshiwe, futhi ivunyelwe ukuzinza? | Amapuleti azacile nama-span amade angaphambuka ngaphansi kokubopha noma ukusika imithwalo. |
| Ukufinyelela esilinganisweni | Ingabe izici okuvunyelwene ngazo zingalinganiswa ngomumo ohlongozwayo? | Inqubo ayiphelele uma ukwamukela kungenakuboniswa. |
Okwamaqembu e-OEM athola izakhiwo kuwo wonke uhla lwengxenye yemishini yezimayini, umbuzo owusizo awukona ukuthi "Ingabe unomshini omkhulu we-CNC?" Ithi “Lo mdwebo uzotholakala kanjani, usekelwe, umshini, futhi uqinisekiswe kanjani ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubudlelwano obusebenzayo bedatha?”
Lawula i-welding kanye ne-machining njengenqubo eyodwa exhunyiwe
I-Welding idala okokufaka kokushisa kwendawo, ukuncipha, kanye nengcindezi eyinsalela. Ukucupha bese kususa izinto okungenzeka zisize ukulinganisa isakhiwo. Engxenyeni enkulu eyakhiwe, isimo esikalwa ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela kungase kungabi isimo esisala ngemva komshini onzima, ukumiswa kabusha, noma ukukhululwa kokugcina kumshini. Yingakho umzila womshini akufanele ubuyekezwe wodwa ekwenziweni.
Akukho ukulandelana kwendawo yonke elingana nayo yonke i-weldment yezimayini. Kuye ngedizayini nezidingo zempahla, umzila okuvunyelwene ngawo ungase uhlanganise ukwakhiwa, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, ukwelapha okumaphakathi noma isinyathelo sokuzinzisa lapho kucacisiwe, ukukhanda kanzima, isikhawu esilawulwayo noma ukuhlola kabusha, kanye nomshini wokugcina. Abathengi akufanele babeke imfuneko ejwayelekile yokunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphandle kokucabangela umdwebo, impahla, inqubo yokushisela, kanye nenjongo yobunjiniyela. Kufanele bafune ukuthi umphakeli asho ukulandelana okuhlongozwayo futhi akhombe lapho ukuhlanekezela okulindeleke ukuthi kuhlolwe khona.
Imvume yomshini nayo idinga umnikazi. Uma umdwebo wokwakha ungasho ukuthi singakanani isitoko esisele kuma-pads abucayi, i-welder kanye ne-machinist bangase benze imibono ehlukene. Imvume encane kakhulu ingashiya indawo eqediwe ephazamisekile noma engaphelele ngemva kokuhlanekezela. Ukuvumela okweqile kwandisa isikhathi sokusika futhi kungabangela ukunyakaza okwengeziwe lapho impahla isuswa. Umzila womphakeli kufanele uxhume imvume, ukulandelana kwe-weld, ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo, nokubekezelelana kokugcina.
Khetha ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngamabomu
Ukusethwa kwemishini eyodwa kuyathandeka ngoba kunciphisa ukudluliselwa, kodwa akuyona imfuneko yendawo yonke. Ezinye izakhiwo azikwazi ukufinyelelwa ngokuphepha noma ngempumelelo endaweni eyodwa. Umgomo osebenzayo uwukunciphisa ukudluliswa kwemali okungadingekile nokwenza konke ukudlulisa okudingekayo kubuyiseke futhi kulinganiseke.
Ngomzila wokusetha okuningi, abathengi kufanele babheke izici ezizinzile zereferensi, izindawo ezivikelekile ezitholakalayo, indlela echaziwe yokuhlola noma yokuqondanisa, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola oluhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetha. Amaphedi edatha esikhashana noma omhlatshelo angase abe usizo uma eyingxenye yenqubo egunyaziwe, kodwa akufanele engezwe kumklamo olawulwayo ngaphandle kwesivumelwano. Okufanayo kuyasebenza nasemaphoyinti okuphakamisa, ama-machining lugs, noma amathebhu okulungisa.
Ummeleli ukushisela umzimba iloli yezimayini ibonisa inselele yokuhlela: indikimba enkulu eyakhiwe ingase ihlanganise izakhiwo zamapuleti abanzi nezindawo zokusebenzelana zendawo okufanele zixhumeke ekuhlanganisweni kwemoto. Ngakho-ke isinqumo somshini esifanelekile siqhutshwa yilezo zindawo zokusebenzelana nokufinyeleleka kwazo, hhayi ubukhulu obubonakalayo bomzimba kuphela.
Ungaphathi i-axis count njengebanga lekhwalithi
Ama-eksisi amaningi angathuthukisa ukufinyelela futhi anciphise ukubekwa kabusha kwamanye amajiyometri, kodwa ukubala kwe-eksisi akusona isilinganiso esizimele samandla enqubo. Ukusethwa okuqinile kwama-eksisi amathathu noma okuyisicefe okunomshini oklanywe kahle kungase kuzinze kakhudlwana kumabhore athile amade noma ukuxhumana kweplani kunohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene, ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okunenkomba noma ngasikhathi sinye kungabaluleka lapho izici ezinama-engeli noma ubuso obuningi kufanele buhlale buhlobene.
Umthengi kufanele aqhathanise ubungozi benqubo kunamalebula okumaketha. Imibuzo ebalulekile ihlanganisa ukuthi ingabe umshini ungakwazi yini ukuthwala umthwalo ohlanganisiwe, noma ngabe i-spindle ihlala iqinile lapho kufinyelelwa khona, noma ngabe i-fixture isekela isakhiwo esiseduze nezindawo zokusika, ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-chip nokufinyelela kwamathuluzi kuyasebenziseka yini, nokuthi umqhubi angakwazi yini ukumisa kabusha isistimu yedatha okuvunyelwene ngayo ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukuzungezisa noma ukudluliswa.
Impendulo yomhlinzeki othembekile ichaza ukuthi kungani ukucushwa okuhlongozwayo kufanelana nengxenye. Ayinikezi nje imodeli yomshini, inani eliphakeme lokuhamba, noma isithombe sesitezi esikhulu sesitolo.
Yakha ukuhlolwa esinqumweni sokusetha
Ukuhlolwa kufanele kuhlelwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokusika. Umdwebo ungase udinge ubudlelwano obungenakuqinisekiswa ngendlela enokwethenjelwa ngetheyiphu, i-straightedge, noma i-hand gauge eyodwa yokufunda. Izingxenye ezinkulu zingadinga inhlanganisela yokuhlola okungaphakathi kwenqubo, amageji avamile, ukulinganisa okuphathekayo kokudidiyelwa, ukulandelela nge-laser, noma enye indlela efanelekile. Indlela elungile incike esicini, ukubekezelelana, ukufinyeleleka, izimo zemvelo, kanye nemibandela yokwamukela okuvunyelwene ngayo.
Ngokusebenzelana okubalulekile, buza ukuthi umphakeli uzoyisungula kanjani i-datum yokuhlola, ukuthi yimaphi amanani angempela azorekhodwa, nokuthi isimo semishini yokulinganisa sizobonakala kanjani. Umbiko othi “PASS” kuphela ohlinzeka ngevelu yokuxilonga encane kunombiko obonisa umphumela olinganisiwe, ukuhlonza isici, ukusethwa kwedatha, ithuluzi noma indlela, kanye nokubuyekezwa komdwebo. Umthengi kufanele futhi aqinisekise ukuthi ingabe ukuhlolwa kuyenzeka ngenkathi ingxenye iboshiwe, ngemva kokukhululwa, noma kuzo zombili izigaba lapho ukunyakaza kuwukukhathazeka.
Lobu bufakazi buvala i-loop phakathi kwenhloso yokuklama kanye nokukhiqiza. Uma uhlelo lokulinganisa lungakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha uhlaka lwesithenjwa olufanayo olusetshenziselwa imishini nokuhlanganisa, ukuthobelana ngokusobala ezicini ezingazodwana kusengafihla inkinga yobudlelwano.
Hlela i-athikili yokuqala ngaphambi kokugunyaza ukukhiqizwa okuphindayo
Ukushisela kwezimayini okusha noma okubuyekeziwe kufanele kusungule indlela ephindaphindwayo ngaphambi kokuthi umthengi acabange ukuthi amaqoqo akamuva azoziphatha ngendlela efanayo. I-athikili yokuqala iyithuba lokuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka kwedatha, ukusabela kwe-fixture, isibonelelo sesitoko, ukufinyelela kwamathuluzi, ukufakwa kokuhlolwa, izinyathelo zokuphatha, kanye nefomethi yedokhumenti. Akukona kuphela ukuhlola kobukhulu bokugcina.
Lapho ingxenye yokuqala yembula ukulungiswa kwenqubo okudingekayo, ushintsho kufanele luboniswe emiyalweni yomsebenzi olawulwayo, izithenjwa zesakhiwo, izinhlelo zokuhlola, noma impendulo yokudweba njengoba kufanele. Ukukhiqizwa okuphindayo bese kuncika emzileni ogunyaziwe, ukulandeleka kokubalulekile nokubuyekezwa, ukuchezuka okulawulwayo, namarekhodi okwamukela angashintshi. Abathengi kufanele bahlukanise ukutholwa kwesikhathi esisodwa kochwepheshe bemishini kusukela kunqubo enye i-shift engayenza ngokwethembeka.
Yini okufanele iqukathe i-RFQ yokushisela ewusizo?
Ikhotheshini kulula ukuyiqhathanisa uma wonke umphakeli ethola umngcele wobuchwepheshe ofanayo. Iphakheji ye-RFQ kufanele ihlanganise umdwebo wamanje we-2D kanye nemodeli ye-3D lapho itholakala khona, izidingo zempahla nezokushisela, inani elilindelekile leqoqwana, indawo yokudiliva, ukuxhumana okusebenzayo, uhlelo lwe-datum, izibonelelo zomshini noma umthwalo wokuzichaza, indlela yokwamukela, namarekhodi okuhlola adingekayo. Kufanele futhi ikhombe imingcele yokumboza noma yokuvikela indawo kanye nanoma ibuphi ubuso obumashini okufanele buhlale buvikelekile ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Cela umphakeli ngamunye ukuthi abuyisele umzila wenqubo ohlongozwayo, umshini kanye nomqondo wokusetha, ukudluliswa kwedatha okuhleliwe, indlela yokulungisa izinto, izinqubo ezinkulu zenkontileka engaphansi uma zikhona, indlela yokuhlola, iphakheji yamadokhumenti, ukuqagela kwesikhathi sokuhola, kanye nohlu lwezinto ezihlukile zobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kudala isisekelo esivamile sokuqhathanisa ubungozi kanye nenani.
Abathengi be-OEM bangasebenzisa ama-WLD ifomu lokubuza ngephrojekthi elisuselwa kumdwebo ukwabelana ngokubuyekezwa komdwebo, ingxenye yemvilophu, isisindo esilinganiselwe, imfuneko yenqwaba, ukuxhumana okusebenzayo, kanye nokuhlolwa okulindelekile. Uphenyo oluphelele luvumela ithimba elikhiqizayo ukuthi libuyekeze ukuthi umzila ohlongozwayo wokwenziwa, ukukhanda, nokuqinisekisa uyahambisana nesicelo ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe ukuzibophezela kokukhiqiza.
